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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*KAtyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"mule face="Times New Roman Star"ìóë face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"katyr face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr (AH , Houts. , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gatyr face="Times New Roman Star"Gatyr face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr face="Times New Roman Star"qadyr face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 242, ÝÑÒß 5, 339-340, TMN 3, No 1395. The Turkic form may well be borrowed < Iran., cf. Saka khad.ara- 'mule'. Here -d.- points to *rd, cf. Sogd. g|rtr'k < *xarataraka 'mule' (for a quite similar compound cf. Pers. astar 'mule' < *assa-tara 'horse from one side' (Bailey 70). Doerfer is concerned about lack of length in Turkic, but length is likewise lacking in Saka and other Iranian forms. The only phonetic difficulty is the Turkic reflex -t-, because Saka d. in the Saka-Uygh. glossary (14th c.) renders Turkic -r-. In one obvious Saka loan the Saka -d.- is indeed rendered as -r-: cu:d.a:m. 'stadium' (Av. c?ar@tu-) > OT (Hap. by MK ) c?ura:m 'a shot with a light far-flying arrow. However, if 'mule' is borrowed, it is hardly a Xinjiang loanword but rather a Common Turkic, and perhaps from another Iranian language (Sogdian?). face="Times New Roman Star"*gEgrek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"lower soft ribs face="Times New Roman Star"íèæíèå ìÿãêèå ðåáðà face="Times New Roman Star"geg|rek face="Times New Roman Star"gejrek face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 3, 14, Äûáî 307, Ëåêñèêà 276. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)atyr- ( ?-d-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 grayling 2 sturgeon face="Times New Roman Star"1 õàðèóñ 2 îñåòð face="Times New Roman Star"xaty:s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qadyrg|y 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 219. face="Times New Roman Star"*atkak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"gills face="Times New Roman Star"æàáðû face="Times New Roman Star"atpax face="Times New Roman Star"attaq face="Times New Roman Star"atqaq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 31. A local Siberian word; should be kept distinct from *a.t(ky)- 'pinch, pinchful, handful' (q. v. sub *p`a>/t`a\(-kV) ). face="Times New Roman Star"*jaba face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"very face="Times New Roman Star"î÷åíü face="Times New Roman Star"jaba face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:, c?ab-c?a: face="Times New Roman Star"*jal-k- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to suffer pain, be nauseated, hate face="Times New Roman Star"÷óâñòâîâàòü áîëü, òîøíîòó, îòâðàùåíèå face="Times New Roman Star"jalq- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jalqy- (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"sal-t- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 924, VEWT 183, ÝÑÒß 4, 14-15. Note that modern Kypch. and Sib. forms meaning 'lazy, be lazy' (jalqy-, z?|alqy-) do not belong here but are rather borrowed < Mong. z?|alka- having a quite different origin (see under *z?|el/o). On the other hand, cf. the common Turkic derivative *jal-ta-, perhaps reflected in the above Yak. form, as well as in Turkm. jalta, Shor c?altak, Khak. c?alty 'lazy', Tur. jaltak 'bootlicker' etc. (see ÝÑÒß 4, 101-102). face="Times New Roman Star"*jigi / *jygy face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"thick, dense face="Times New Roman Star"ãóñòîé, ïëîòíûé face="Times New Roman Star"jigi (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jigi (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|y face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|y face="Times New Roman Star"jik face="Times New Roman Star"c?y'q face="Times New Roman Star"z?iji face="Times New Roman Star"jyjy face="Times New Roman Star"z?iji face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 911, VEWT 202, ÝÑÒß 4, 272. face="Times New Roman Star"*ba.ny- ? *bony- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"big, large face="Times New Roman Star"áîëüøîé face="Times New Roman Star"múw|núw| face="Times New Roman Star"Ôåäîòîâ 1, 349. face="Times New Roman Star"*bA:n/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sole (of foot) 2 footwear face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîäîøâà (íîãè) 2 îáóâü (âîéëî÷íûå ÷óëêè, âàëåíêè) face="Times New Roman Star"maja 'fleshy part of the palm' (Vidin, Ne/meth 1965 , SDD ) face="Times New Roman Star"majmaq 'stable, steadfast' (of an animal's paw, hoof), dial. pajpaq (ÊÑÒÒ ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"pajpo|q 2, 'camel's foot', dial. múj@l@k 'mitten' (Ôàðìîíîâ 19) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. maja 'ïîäîøâà êîïûòà' (Nakhich.) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. ma:ja (Tek.) 'aja' (ÒÄÃÄÑ 124), pajpaq (144) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"majmax 2 face="Times New Roman Star"majyq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bajmaq 'lower part of shank', bajpaq 2, majpyq 'flat' (of a horse's hoof, bear's paw) face="Times New Roman Star"bajpaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bajpaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 323. Cf. also Oyr. majryk 'ñòàïòûâàòüñÿ' etc. Forms with the meaning 'footwear' are explained by Budagov as compounds with an iranism (paj - bag| "foot bandage"), which does not seem convincing; we are dealing rather with a dialectal diffusion of the derivative *ba:n/-mak. Cf. TMN 4, 275, Øèïîâà 49, Àíèêèí 110, 382, 458. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAsa face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"also, as well face="Times New Roman Star"òàêæå, êðîìå òîãî face="Times New Roman Star"basa 'right after' (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"basa 'afterwards' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) basa (AH , Ad-Durr.) face="Times New Roman Star"base 'frequently, often' face="Times New Roman Star"basa face="Times New Roman Star"paza face="Times New Roman Star"paza face="Times New Roman Star"baza face="Times New Roman Star"byha 'in the course of' (?) face="Times New Roman Star"baza face="Times New Roman Star"basa face="Times New Roman Star"basa (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 371 (but not from *bas- 'press'!). Turk. > Mong. basa (Clark 1980 , 39, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 104). face="Times New Roman Star"*bu":ri face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"head of an arrow face="Times New Roman Star"íàêîíå÷íèê ñòðåëû face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ri 'end of shaft inserted into arrow head' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r-ges (dimin.) 'awl, arrow with awl-like head' face="Times New Roman Star"bu":rges 'ein Kampfpfeil mit pfriemfo"rmiger Spitze' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 356, VEWT 71, Stachowski 69. face="Times New Roman Star"*du":tu"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pipe face="Times New Roman Star"òðóáêà, ôëåéòà face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tek 'a spout of an ewer' (MK ), du"du"k 'reed pipe, flute' (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"du"du"k face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) du"du"k (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"tutak face="Times New Roman Star"du"du"k face="Times New Roman Star"tu"jdu"k face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tu"k face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tik face="Times New Roman Star"du"dik face="Times New Roman Star"du"du"k face="Times New Roman Star"tu"te face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tu"lu"x (ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"du"du"k face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 507, EDT 455. face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"gu" face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wizard face="Times New Roman Star"ìóäðåö, êîëäóí face="Times New Roman Star"bo"gu" (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bo"gu" (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ju" face="Times New Roman Star"bu"gu" (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu": face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 324, VEWT 83, ÝÑÒß 2, 293-294. Turk. > Mong. bo"g|e id., see TMN 1, 234. Turk. > Hung. bu? 'witchcraft' (< *bu"g|u"), see Gombocz 1912 . face="Times New Roman Star"*jyn|ak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"side, direction face="Times New Roman Star"ñòîðîíà, íàïðàâëåíèå face="Times New Roman Star"jyn|aq (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jyn|aq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 201, EDT 949. As suggested by Clauson, merged with jan|ak in later Turkic. face="Times New Roman Star"*bu:n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"defect face="Times New Roman Star"íåäîñòàòîê, äåôåêò face="Times New Roman Star"mun (KB ), muna- 'be defective'; mun, mun-lug| (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. myn|-da- 'become insufficient' face="Times New Roman Star"my:n- 'be insufficient' face="Times New Roman Star"munz?|u 'cripple' face="Times New Roman Star"ÎÑÍß 3, 55, VEWT 344, ÝÑÒß 7. EDT 347 does not see back vowel forms in old texts and relates all the forms to *bu"n 'defect' q. v. sub *mu\ne . face="Times New Roman Star"*bun- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to become mad, foolish 2 mad, crazy 3 to become old, senile face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñõîäèòü ñ óìà, ãëóïåòü 2 ñóìàñøåäøèé, ñëàáîóìíûé 3 äðÿõëåòü face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 1, mun|qul 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 1, munduz 2 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"buna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"munu- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 'to go astray' face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 'go astray, lose one's way' face="Times New Roman Star"mun|g|aq 'resentful', myny- 3 (Todz?.), mun| dial. 2 (< *mun-k?) face="Times New Roman Star"bun- 'to be tired, dissatisfied', bunaq 'senile person' face="Times New Roman Star"buna- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"munax 'irrational' (ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 514, EDT 348, 768, 769, ÎÑÍß 3, 53, Stachowski 181. face="Times New Roman Star"*bo":n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 stupid, foolish 2 to go mad face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãëóïûé 2 ñõîäèòü ñ óìà face="Times New Roman Star"mu"n- 2 (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo"n 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"mo":n 1 (cf. also mu":n 'timidity') face="Times New Roman Star"ÎÑÍß 3, 53, 55. In ÝÑÒß 7 and VEWT 343-344 confused with other similar roots: *bu"n 'defect', *bun- 'madness' (q. v. sub *mu\ne , *mu/nu ). face="Times New Roman Star"*jAmac? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"side of a mountain face="Times New Roman Star"ñêëîí ãîðû face="Times New Roman Star"jamac? face="Times New Roman Star"jamac?, jamaz?| (R, Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jamaz?| face="Times New Roman Star"jamac? (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jamac? face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 184, ÝÑÒß 4, 111. face="Times New Roman Star"*jy:n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"skin, body face="Times New Roman Star"êîæà, òåëî face="Times New Roman Star"jyn (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jyn (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"si:n face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 203, EDT 941, Ëåêñèêà 266-267. face="Times New Roman Star"*asyg face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"profit face="Times New Roman Star"ïðèáûëü, âûãîäà face="Times New Roman Star"asyg| (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"asyg| (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"asy face="Times New Roman Star"asy (IM ), assyg| (Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. as go"r- 'to help' face="Times New Roman Star"dial. assy face="Times New Roman Star"ozú face="Times New Roman Star"as face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 29, ÝÑÒß 1, 196-197, Åãîðîâ 277, Ëåêñèêà 344, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 290-291. Turk. > Mong. asig| > Man. ajsi (TMN 2, 58-59, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 102).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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